The article provides a comprehensive review of the vascular alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on both short-term and long-term effects. The virus primarily affects the vascular system, leading to endothelial dysfunction, immune system dysregulation, and a hypercoagulable state. These changes result in thromboembolic events, cardiovascular manifestations, impaired arterial stiffness, cerebrovascular complications, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The review highlights the use of various diagnostic tools such as video capillaroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging to visualize these alterations. Long-term COVID-19 (LC) is characterized by persistent vascular effects, including endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The article also discusses potential therapeutic interventions, including anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiviral treatments, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management to mitigate adverse outcomes.The article provides a comprehensive review of the vascular alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on both short-term and long-term effects. The virus primarily affects the vascular system, leading to endothelial dysfunction, immune system dysregulation, and a hypercoagulable state. These changes result in thromboembolic events, cardiovascular manifestations, impaired arterial stiffness, cerebrovascular complications, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The review highlights the use of various diagnostic tools such as video capillaroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging to visualize these alterations. Long-term COVID-19 (LC) is characterized by persistent vascular effects, including endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The article also discusses potential therapeutic interventions, including anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiviral treatments, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management to mitigate adverse outcomes.