Vector Wave Dark Matter and Terrestrial Quantum Sensors

Vector Wave Dark Matter and Terrestrial Quantum Sensors

26 Jun 2024 | Dorian W. P. Amaral, Mudit Jain, Mustafa A. Amin, and Christopher Tunnell
This paper explores the detection of ultralight vector dark matter (VDM) using terrestrial quantum sensors, focusing on the coherent, oscillatory signature it produces in detectors. The authors analyze the stochastic and vector nature of the VDM field, along with the effects of Earth's rotation, to derive a statistical framework for inferring VDM properties. They show that the Fourier space signal contains three distinct peaks, which are influenced by the Earth's rotation. By accounting for all three peaks, they derive latitude-independent constraints on VDM coupling strengths, unlike those from single-peak studies. The framework is applied to the search for ultralight B-L dark matter using optomechanical sensors, demonstrating the ability to probe previously unexplored regions of the parameter space. The analysis considers the stochastic behavior of the VDM field, the equipartition of longitudinal and transverse modes, and the statistical properties of the signal. The results show that the three-peak signal provides stronger, more latitude-independent constraints compared to single-peak analyses. The study highlights the importance of considering the vector nature of the field and the Earth's rotation in the statistical treatment of the signal. The framework is validated through simulations and is shown to be effective in constraining the coupling strength of VDM. The results have implications for future experiments in quantum sensing and dark matter detection.This paper explores the detection of ultralight vector dark matter (VDM) using terrestrial quantum sensors, focusing on the coherent, oscillatory signature it produces in detectors. The authors analyze the stochastic and vector nature of the VDM field, along with the effects of Earth's rotation, to derive a statistical framework for inferring VDM properties. They show that the Fourier space signal contains three distinct peaks, which are influenced by the Earth's rotation. By accounting for all three peaks, they derive latitude-independent constraints on VDM coupling strengths, unlike those from single-peak studies. The framework is applied to the search for ultralight B-L dark matter using optomechanical sensors, demonstrating the ability to probe previously unexplored regions of the parameter space. The analysis considers the stochastic behavior of the VDM field, the equipartition of longitudinal and transverse modes, and the statistical properties of the signal. The results show that the three-peak signal provides stronger, more latitude-independent constraints compared to single-peak analyses. The study highlights the importance of considering the vector nature of the field and the Earth's rotation in the statistical treatment of the signal. The framework is validated through simulations and is shown to be effective in constraining the coupling strength of VDM. The results have implications for future experiments in quantum sensing and dark matter detection.
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