The study investigates the neuroanatomical basis of the dual stream model for language processing, which suggests that language is processed through two parallel pathways: a dorsal pathway for sound-to-articulation mapping and a ventral pathway for sound-to-meaning mapping. Using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography, the researchers identified the anatomical pathways connecting brain regions activated during two prototypical language tasks: sublexical speech repetition and sentence comprehension. The dorsal pathway, connecting the superior temporal lobe and premotor cortices via the arcuate and superior longitudinal fascicles, is involved in sublexical speech repetition. The ventral pathway, connecting the middle temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex via the extreme capsule, mediates higher-level language comprehension. These findings support the dual stream model and highlight the functional significance of these pathways in language processing.The study investigates the neuroanatomical basis of the dual stream model for language processing, which suggests that language is processed through two parallel pathways: a dorsal pathway for sound-to-articulation mapping and a ventral pathway for sound-to-meaning mapping. Using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography, the researchers identified the anatomical pathways connecting brain regions activated during two prototypical language tasks: sublexical speech repetition and sentence comprehension. The dorsal pathway, connecting the superior temporal lobe and premotor cortices via the arcuate and superior longitudinal fascicles, is involved in sublexical speech repetition. The ventral pathway, connecting the middle temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex via the extreme capsule, mediates higher-level language comprehension. These findings support the dual stream model and highlight the functional significance of these pathways in language processing.