A dual stream model for language processing has been proposed, suggesting that a dorsal stream maps sound to articulation, while a ventral stream maps sound to meaning. This study used functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography to identify the anatomical pathways connecting brain regions involved in two prototypical language tasks: sublexical repetition of speech and higher-level language comprehension. The dorsal stream connects the superior temporal lobe and premotor cortices via the arcuate and superior longitudinal fascicle, supporting sublexical repetition. In contrast, the ventral stream connects the middle temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex via the extreme capsule, supporting higher-level language comprehension. These findings suggest that the dorsal stream is mainly involved in sensory-motor mapping of sound to articulation, while the ventral stream is involved in linguistic processing of sound to meaning through temporofrontal interaction. The study also highlights the anatomical basis of the dual stream model, showing that the dorsal pathway is composed of the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) and superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF)/arcuate fascicle (AF), while the ventral pathway is composed of the MdLF, inferior longitudinal fascicle (ILF), and extreme capsule (EmC). These pathways are essential for different aspects of language processing, with the dorsal pathway supporting speech repetition and the ventral pathway supporting sentence comprehension. The results support the dual stream model of language processing, showing that the brain uses two parallel anatomical pathways for language processing, with the dorsal pathway involved in auditory-motor integration and the ventral pathway involved in sound-to-meaning mapping. The study also emphasizes the importance of these pathways in language comprehension and production, and their potential disruption in language disorders such as conduction aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia. The findings suggest that the brain's language processing is organized in widespread, segregated, and overlapping networks, with the dual stream model providing a framework for understanding the functional anatomy of language.A dual stream model for language processing has been proposed, suggesting that a dorsal stream maps sound to articulation, while a ventral stream maps sound to meaning. This study used functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography to identify the anatomical pathways connecting brain regions involved in two prototypical language tasks: sublexical repetition of speech and higher-level language comprehension. The dorsal stream connects the superior temporal lobe and premotor cortices via the arcuate and superior longitudinal fascicle, supporting sublexical repetition. In contrast, the ventral stream connects the middle temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex via the extreme capsule, supporting higher-level language comprehension. These findings suggest that the dorsal stream is mainly involved in sensory-motor mapping of sound to articulation, while the ventral stream is involved in linguistic processing of sound to meaning through temporofrontal interaction. The study also highlights the anatomical basis of the dual stream model, showing that the dorsal pathway is composed of the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) and superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF)/arcuate fascicle (AF), while the ventral pathway is composed of the MdLF, inferior longitudinal fascicle (ILF), and extreme capsule (EmC). These pathways are essential for different aspects of language processing, with the dorsal pathway supporting speech repetition and the ventral pathway supporting sentence comprehension. The results support the dual stream model of language processing, showing that the brain uses two parallel anatomical pathways for language processing, with the dorsal pathway involved in auditory-motor integration and the ventral pathway involved in sound-to-meaning mapping. The study also emphasizes the importance of these pathways in language comprehension and production, and their potential disruption in language disorders such as conduction aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia. The findings suggest that the brain's language processing is organized in widespread, segregated, and overlapping networks, with the dual stream model providing a framework for understanding the functional anatomy of language.