Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. David M. Hoffman, Ahna R. Girshick, Kurt Akeley, and Martin S. Banks investigated how 3D displays affect visual perception and fatigue. They developed a novel 3D display that provides accurate focus cues, reducing perceptual distortions, fusion failures, and fatigue. Their findings show that accurate focus cues improve stereopsis, reduce depth perception errors, and decrease viewer discomfort. The study highlights the importance of aligning vergence and accommodation in 3D displays to enhance visual performance and minimize fatigue. The research has implications for vision science and the design of 3D displays. Keywords: accommodation, vergence, volumetric display, stereopsis, binocular vision, 3D display, visual fatigue, cue combination, depth perception, graphics. Citation: Hoffman, D. M., Girshick, A. R., Akeley, K., & Banks, M. S. (2008). Vergence–accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. Journal of Vision, 8(3):33, 1–30, http://journalofvision.org/8/3/33/, doi:10.1167/8.3.33.Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. David M. Hoffman, Ahna R. Girshick, Kurt Akeley, and Martin S. Banks investigated how 3D displays affect visual perception and fatigue. They developed a novel 3D display that provides accurate focus cues, reducing perceptual distortions, fusion failures, and fatigue. Their findings show that accurate focus cues improve stereopsis, reduce depth perception errors, and decrease viewer discomfort. The study highlights the importance of aligning vergence and accommodation in 3D displays to enhance visual performance and minimize fatigue. The research has implications for vision science and the design of 3D displays. Keywords: accommodation, vergence, volumetric display, stereopsis, binocular vision, 3D display, visual fatigue, cue combination, depth perception, graphics. Citation: Hoffman, D. M., Girshick, A. R., Akeley, K., & Banks, M. S. (2008). Vergence–accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. Journal of Vision, 8(3):33, 1–30, http://journalofvision.org/8/3/33/, doi:10.1167/8.3.33.