This review provides a comprehensive summary of the virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and was later named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. It belongs to the β-CoV family and shares some genetic similarity with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact, and it can also be present in urine and stool, suggesting potential fecal-oral transmission. The virus has a high affinity for the ACE2 receptor, which is expressed in various human organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Epidemiologically, SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally, with the majority of cases originating from China. The case fatality rate varies, with higher rates among older individuals and those with underlying health conditions. The virus can cause a range of symptoms, from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory distress and critical illness. The incubation period is estimated to be around 5.2 days, and the basic reproduction number (R0) is approximately 2.2. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 involves viral entry through the ACE2 receptor, leading to viral replication and spread within the body. The virus can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storms, and immune dysfunction. The lack of specific antiviral treatments or vaccines has led to the need for symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Potential therapeutic options include antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and nelfinavir, as well as convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies. Vaccine development is ongoing, with several candidates in clinical trials. The review highlights the importance of continued research and global collaboration to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate its impact on public health.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and was later named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. It belongs to the β-CoV family and shares some genetic similarity with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact, and it can also be present in urine and stool, suggesting potential fecal-oral transmission. The virus has a high affinity for the ACE2 receptor, which is expressed in various human organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Epidemiologically, SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally, with the majority of cases originating from China. The case fatality rate varies, with higher rates among older individuals and those with underlying health conditions. The virus can cause a range of symptoms, from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory distress and critical illness. The incubation period is estimated to be around 5.2 days, and the basic reproduction number (R0) is approximately 2.2. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 involves viral entry through the ACE2 receptor, leading to viral replication and spread within the body. The virus can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storms, and immune dysfunction. The lack of specific antiviral treatments or vaccines has led to the need for symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Potential therapeutic options include antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and nelfinavir, as well as convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies. Vaccine development is ongoing, with several candidates in clinical trials. The review highlights the importance of continued research and global collaboration to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate its impact on public health.