This umbrella review examines the impact of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies on medical education and training, comparing them to traditional methods or no intervention. A systematic literature search across major databases identified 28 studies, with VR being the most frequently studied technology, particularly in the "Performance" and "Results" stages. The chi-square analysis suggested a non-significant trend toward the association of VR with improved outcomes. The results indicate that VR is a prevalent tool in medical education research, with a positive trend toward enhancing educational outcomes. However, the statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association, suggesting the need for further research with larger sample sizes. The review highlights the potential of immersive technologies to enhance medical training but calls for more rigorous studies to establish definitive evidence of their efficacy. The study underscores the transformative potential of VR and AR in medical education, emphasizing the need for further research to validate their effectiveness. The review also discusses the advantages of using immersive technologies, including enhanced realism, improved skill transfer, remote and collaborative learning, repeatable and safe practice, cognitive load management, innovative training methods, error reduction and standardization in training, adaptability and flexibility in learning environments, and enhanced engagement and motivation. The review compares its findings with previous reviews, noting that it provides a comprehensive examination of both AR and VR, offering a side-by-side evaluation of their influence on performance and engagement. The review acknowledges limitations, including the potential for omitting relevant studies and the restriction to peer-reviewed English articles. Future research should consider expanding inclusion parameters to incorporate studies in multiple languages and grey literature to provide a more holistic view of the field. The review recommends a globally recognized framework for VR and AR applications in medical education, emphasizing the need for flexibility to accommodate technological progress and educational psychology insights.This umbrella review examines the impact of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies on medical education and training, comparing them to traditional methods or no intervention. A systematic literature search across major databases identified 28 studies, with VR being the most frequently studied technology, particularly in the "Performance" and "Results" stages. The chi-square analysis suggested a non-significant trend toward the association of VR with improved outcomes. The results indicate that VR is a prevalent tool in medical education research, with a positive trend toward enhancing educational outcomes. However, the statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association, suggesting the need for further research with larger sample sizes. The review highlights the potential of immersive technologies to enhance medical training but calls for more rigorous studies to establish definitive evidence of their efficacy. The study underscores the transformative potential of VR and AR in medical education, emphasizing the need for further research to validate their effectiveness. The review also discusses the advantages of using immersive technologies, including enhanced realism, improved skill transfer, remote and collaborative learning, repeatable and safe practice, cognitive load management, innovative training methods, error reduction and standardization in training, adaptability and flexibility in learning environments, and enhanced engagement and motivation. The review compares its findings with previous reviews, noting that it provides a comprehensive examination of both AR and VR, offering a side-by-side evaluation of their influence on performance and engagement. The review acknowledges limitations, including the potential for omitting relevant studies and the restriction to peer-reviewed English articles. Future research should consider expanding inclusion parameters to incorporate studies in multiple languages and grey literature to provide a more holistic view of the field. The review recommends a globally recognized framework for VR and AR applications in medical education, emphasizing the need for flexibility to accommodate technological progress and educational psychology insights.