This review explores the role of vitamin D (VD3) in the central nervous system (CNS) and its implications for neurological disorders. VD3, obtained from diet or synthesized internally, influences bodily functions through its active metabolite, calcitriol, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent research highlights multiple roles for VD3 in neural development, maturation, and regulation of the dopaminergic system. The review examines the consequences of VD3 deficiency in neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, and evaluates the potential benefits of VD3 supplementation. It emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of results and suggests that additional randomized and well-designed trials are essential to deepen our understanding of VD3's therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. The article also discusses the genomic and non-genomic actions of VD3, its effects on brain development, and its role in maintaining brain health through various mechanisms, such as modulating gene expression, regulating calcium homeostasis, and influencing immune responses. Additionally, it reviews the relationship between VD3 and specific neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, headaches, sleep disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder. The review concludes by highlighting the critical role of VD3 in neurological well-being and the need for further research to enhance our understanding of its function in the brain.This review explores the role of vitamin D (VD3) in the central nervous system (CNS) and its implications for neurological disorders. VD3, obtained from diet or synthesized internally, influences bodily functions through its active metabolite, calcitriol, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent research highlights multiple roles for VD3 in neural development, maturation, and regulation of the dopaminergic system. The review examines the consequences of VD3 deficiency in neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, and evaluates the potential benefits of VD3 supplementation. It emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of results and suggests that additional randomized and well-designed trials are essential to deepen our understanding of VD3's therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. The article also discusses the genomic and non-genomic actions of VD3, its effects on brain development, and its role in maintaining brain health through various mechanisms, such as modulating gene expression, regulating calcium homeostasis, and influencing immune responses. Additionally, it reviews the relationship between VD3 and specific neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, headaches, sleep disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder. The review concludes by highlighting the critical role of VD3 in neurological well-being and the need for further research to enhance our understanding of its function in the brain.