This study identifies 132 national economies' vulnerability to climate change impacts on fisheries. Countries in Central and Western Africa, Peru, Colombia, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) are most vulnerable. Vulnerability arises from predicted warming, the importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited adaptation capacity. These countries produce 20% of global fish exports and are most in need of adaptation planning. Climate change is likely to cause economic hardship or missed development opportunities in these countries. The study uses an indicator-based approach to assess vulnerability, considering exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Exposure is measured by projected temperature changes, sensitivity by fisheries dependence, and adaptive capacity by economic and human development indicators. The analysis shows that the most vulnerable countries are those with high exposure, high sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity. The study highlights the need for improved data and models to better understand climate change impacts on fisheries and to develop effective adaptation strategies. The results indicate that climate change will have significant economic consequences for the poorest consumers, particularly in Asia. The study also notes that climate change is likely to affect fisheries in north-western South America, where nutrient-rich upwellings support large catches of anchovies and sardines. The study concludes that future research should focus on improving data and models to better understand climate change impacts on fisheries and to develop effective adaptation strategies.This study identifies 132 national economies' vulnerability to climate change impacts on fisheries. Countries in Central and Western Africa, Peru, Colombia, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) are most vulnerable. Vulnerability arises from predicted warming, the importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited adaptation capacity. These countries produce 20% of global fish exports and are most in need of adaptation planning. Climate change is likely to cause economic hardship or missed development opportunities in these countries. The study uses an indicator-based approach to assess vulnerability, considering exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Exposure is measured by projected temperature changes, sensitivity by fisheries dependence, and adaptive capacity by economic and human development indicators. The analysis shows that the most vulnerable countries are those with high exposure, high sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity. The study highlights the need for improved data and models to better understand climate change impacts on fisheries and to develop effective adaptation strategies. The results indicate that climate change will have significant economic consequences for the poorest consumers, particularly in Asia. The study also notes that climate change is likely to affect fisheries in north-western South America, where nutrient-rich upwellings support large catches of anchovies and sardines. The study concludes that future research should focus on improving data and models to better understand climate change impacts on fisheries and to develop effective adaptation strategies.