This study assesses the vulnerability of 132 national economies to climate change impacts on fisheries using an indicator-based approach. The analysis identifies countries most at risk, particularly those in Central and Western Africa, northwestern South America, and tropical Asia. These countries are vulnerable due to predicted warming, the importance of fisheries to their economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt. Many of these countries are among the world's least developed, with significant reliance on fish as a protein source and high export contributions. The study highlights the need for adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the role of fisheries in poverty reduction. While the precise impacts of climate change on specific fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, the analysis suggests that they are likely to lead to economic hardship or missed development opportunities for countries dependent on fisheries but lacking the capacity to adapt. The study also discusses the limitations and gaps in current vulnerability assessments, emphasizing the need for more detailed and region-specific data and models to improve future analyses.This study assesses the vulnerability of 132 national economies to climate change impacts on fisheries using an indicator-based approach. The analysis identifies countries most at risk, particularly those in Central and Western Africa, northwestern South America, and tropical Asia. These countries are vulnerable due to predicted warming, the importance of fisheries to their economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt. Many of these countries are among the world's least developed, with significant reliance on fish as a protein source and high export contributions. The study highlights the need for adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the role of fisheries in poverty reduction. While the precise impacts of climate change on specific fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, the analysis suggests that they are likely to lead to economic hardship or missed development opportunities for countries dependent on fisheries but lacking the capacity to adapt. The study also discusses the limitations and gaps in current vulnerability assessments, emphasizing the need for more detailed and region-specific data and models to improve future analyses.