This article presents the development of water-soluble ionic liquid (IL)-containing sulfur polymers, specifically 1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride (AVImCl) incorporated into sulfur through inverse vulcanization. These polymers overcome the limited water solubility of traditional sulfur polymers by enhancing hydrophilicity, allowing them to dissolve in water. The resulting sulfur polymer, S-AVImCl, demonstrates high mercury uptake capacity (436 mg g⁻¹) due to its ability to fully interact with aqueous mercury ions, forming a coordination complex that precipitates. This property makes it effective for mercury capture in water. Additionally, the charged polymer can break oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions through anion exchange, where Cl⁻ from the polymer exchanges with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS⁻) from surfactants, facilitating oil-water separation. The polymer also exhibits antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, indicating its potential as a multifunctional material for water purification. The study highlights the integration of ILs with sulfur to create a versatile material with applications in mercury removal, demulsification, and antibacterial treatment. The synthesis conditions, characterization, and performance of S-AVImCl are thoroughly analyzed, confirming its effectiveness and potential for practical use in water remediation.This article presents the development of water-soluble ionic liquid (IL)-containing sulfur polymers, specifically 1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride (AVImCl) incorporated into sulfur through inverse vulcanization. These polymers overcome the limited water solubility of traditional sulfur polymers by enhancing hydrophilicity, allowing them to dissolve in water. The resulting sulfur polymer, S-AVImCl, demonstrates high mercury uptake capacity (436 mg g⁻¹) due to its ability to fully interact with aqueous mercury ions, forming a coordination complex that precipitates. This property makes it effective for mercury capture in water. Additionally, the charged polymer can break oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions through anion exchange, where Cl⁻ from the polymer exchanges with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS⁻) from surfactants, facilitating oil-water separation. The polymer also exhibits antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, indicating its potential as a multifunctional material for water purification. The study highlights the integration of ILs with sulfur to create a versatile material with applications in mercury removal, demulsification, and antibacterial treatment. The synthesis conditions, characterization, and performance of S-AVImCl are thoroughly analyzed, confirming its effectiveness and potential for practical use in water remediation.