Water contamination poses significant threats to human health, with sources including domestic sewage, industrial discharge, pesticides, plastics, and poor management systems. The review highlights the widespread impact of water pollution, leading to skin disorders, serious illnesses like cancer and diarrheal infections, particularly affecting children. It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to reduce pollution sources, focusing on sustainable farming and responsible waste management. Advanced wastewater treatment techniques are crucial for global adoption to mitigate pollution. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as geographical scope and contamination origins. Recommendations include comprehensive strategies involving sustainable behaviors, strict laws, and advanced treatment technologies. Governments, companies, and communities must collaborate to implement strong legislation, improve infrastructure, and increase awareness of water quality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach, focusing on research, innovation, and international collaboration. Water pollution is caused by household and industrial effluent, leakage from water tanks, marine dumping, and atmospheric deposition. Key pollutants include heavy metals, organic compounds, microbial pathogens, and lead and arsenic. Waterborne pathogens from laboratories, hospitals, and other sources pose health risks. Water pollution leads to various health issues, including immediate ailments like diarrhea and cholera, and long-term conditions such as cancer. Skin disorders, liver and kidney damage, and neurological issues are also linked to water pollution. Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Factors contributing to water pollution include domestic sewage, industrialization, population growth, pesticides, and weak management systems. Industrial activities are a major source of contamination, releasing harmful compounds into water. Population growth increases waste and pollution, while pesticides and fertilizers contribute to eutrophication. Weak management systems and pathogenic microorganisms exacerbate waterborne diseases. Water pollution significantly affects human health, with polluted water contributing to nearly 829,000 deaths from diarrhea annually. It also increases the risk of respiratory disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Water pollution is linked to skin disorders, cancer, and diarrhea. Children are particularly affected, with water pollution contributing to pediatric illnesses. Effective water treatment methods include basic purification techniques like sedimentation, coagulation, and filtration, as well as advanced methods such as reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, and advanced oxidation processes. These technologies are essential for producing clean water and reducing pollution. The review concludes that water contamination is a critical issue with far-reaching impacts on both the environment and human health. It calls for integrated efforts across sectors to reduce pollution sources, promote sustainable practices, and adopt advanced treatment technologies to ensure a safe and secure water supply.Water contamination poses significant threats to human health, with sources including domestic sewage, industrial discharge, pesticides, plastics, and poor management systems. The review highlights the widespread impact of water pollution, leading to skin disorders, serious illnesses like cancer and diarrheal infections, particularly affecting children. It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to reduce pollution sources, focusing on sustainable farming and responsible waste management. Advanced wastewater treatment techniques are crucial for global adoption to mitigate pollution. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as geographical scope and contamination origins. Recommendations include comprehensive strategies involving sustainable behaviors, strict laws, and advanced treatment technologies. Governments, companies, and communities must collaborate to implement strong legislation, improve infrastructure, and increase awareness of water quality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach, focusing on research, innovation, and international collaboration. Water pollution is caused by household and industrial effluent, leakage from water tanks, marine dumping, and atmospheric deposition. Key pollutants include heavy metals, organic compounds, microbial pathogens, and lead and arsenic. Waterborne pathogens from laboratories, hospitals, and other sources pose health risks. Water pollution leads to various health issues, including immediate ailments like diarrhea and cholera, and long-term conditions such as cancer. Skin disorders, liver and kidney damage, and neurological issues are also linked to water pollution. Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Factors contributing to water pollution include domestic sewage, industrialization, population growth, pesticides, and weak management systems. Industrial activities are a major source of contamination, releasing harmful compounds into water. Population growth increases waste and pollution, while pesticides and fertilizers contribute to eutrophication. Weak management systems and pathogenic microorganisms exacerbate waterborne diseases. Water pollution significantly affects human health, with polluted water contributing to nearly 829,000 deaths from diarrhea annually. It also increases the risk of respiratory disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Water pollution is linked to skin disorders, cancer, and diarrhea. Children are particularly affected, with water pollution contributing to pediatric illnesses. Effective water treatment methods include basic purification techniques like sedimentation, coagulation, and filtration, as well as advanced methods such as reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, and advanced oxidation processes. These technologies are essential for producing clean water and reducing pollution. The review concludes that water contamination is a critical issue with far-reaching impacts on both the environment and human health. It calls for integrated efforts across sectors to reduce pollution sources, promote sustainable practices, and adopt advanced treatment technologies to ensure a safe and secure water supply.