This review article, authored by Biryar Mohammed Mustafa and Najmaldin Ezaldin Hassan, examines the effects of water contamination on human health. The study highlights a complex network of factors contributing to water contamination, including domestic sewage, industrial discharges, pesticides, plastics, and systemic management deficiencies. It emphasizes the widespread impacts on human health, particularly skin disorders, serious illnesses like cancer, and diarrheal infections, with children being particularly vulnerable. The authors stress the need for synchronized efforts to address pollution sources, focusing on sustainable farming methods and responsible waste management. Advanced wastewater treatment techniques are also explored, with a call for their widespread use globally. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as geographical scope and contamination origins. Recommendations include a comprehensive strategy involving sustainable behaviors, strict laws, and advanced treatment technology. The authors emphasize the need for collaboration among governments, companies, and communities to implement strong legislation, improve infrastructure, and increase knowledge about water quality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach, focusing on ongoing research, innovation, and international collaboration.This review article, authored by Biryar Mohammed Mustafa and Najmaldin Ezaldin Hassan, examines the effects of water contamination on human health. The study highlights a complex network of factors contributing to water contamination, including domestic sewage, industrial discharges, pesticides, plastics, and systemic management deficiencies. It emphasizes the widespread impacts on human health, particularly skin disorders, serious illnesses like cancer, and diarrheal infections, with children being particularly vulnerable. The authors stress the need for synchronized efforts to address pollution sources, focusing on sustainable farming methods and responsible waste management. Advanced wastewater treatment techniques are also explored, with a call for their widespread use globally. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as geographical scope and contamination origins. Recommendations include a comprehensive strategy involving sustainable behaviors, strict laws, and advanced treatment technology. The authors emphasize the need for collaboration among governments, companies, and communities to implement strong legislation, improve infrastructure, and increase knowledge about water quality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach, focusing on ongoing research, innovation, and international collaboration.