This review examines the effects of climate change on water resources, ecosystems, human health, security, and socio-economic aspects globally. It analyzes 320 papers, selecting 134 to understand the impacts and solutions. Key findings include increased evapotranspiration, more frequent and severe droughts, reduced snowpack, and changes in river flow. Climate change also affects soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and the frequency of floods and droughts. Socio-economic impacts include changes in population and economic activities, potential impacts on natural resources, and the need for adaptation strategies. The review highlights that integrated water resource management, political direction, policies, increased knowledge, and new technologies are critical solutions. Nature-based solutions are emphasized as essential for future climate adaptation. The paper also discusses the importance of considering ecosystems and their services in water management. Italy's political position is highlighted, with suggestions for future water management strategies. The study shows that integrated water resource management, political directions, and increased knowledge are the most proposed solutions, particularly in Europe and across multiple countries. These solutions are considered effective for addressing water resource sustainability under climate change. Other solutions, such as reservoirs, terrestrial water storage, and groundwater management, are also discussed. The review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that considers social, economic, and ecological aspects. The paper concludes that water resource management under climate change is a complex issue requiring a multifaceted approach. It stresses the importance of integrating nature-based solutions, improving knowledge, and adopting new technologies to ensure sustainable water management. The review also highlights the need for political and institutional support to implement effective water management strategies. The study underscores the importance of considering ecosystems and their services in water management to achieve long-term sustainability and resilience.This review examines the effects of climate change on water resources, ecosystems, human health, security, and socio-economic aspects globally. It analyzes 320 papers, selecting 134 to understand the impacts and solutions. Key findings include increased evapotranspiration, more frequent and severe droughts, reduced snowpack, and changes in river flow. Climate change also affects soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and the frequency of floods and droughts. Socio-economic impacts include changes in population and economic activities, potential impacts on natural resources, and the need for adaptation strategies. The review highlights that integrated water resource management, political direction, policies, increased knowledge, and new technologies are critical solutions. Nature-based solutions are emphasized as essential for future climate adaptation. The paper also discusses the importance of considering ecosystems and their services in water management. Italy's political position is highlighted, with suggestions for future water management strategies. The study shows that integrated water resource management, political directions, and increased knowledge are the most proposed solutions, particularly in Europe and across multiple countries. These solutions are considered effective for addressing water resource sustainability under climate change. Other solutions, such as reservoirs, terrestrial water storage, and groundwater management, are also discussed. The review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that considers social, economic, and ecological aspects. The paper concludes that water resource management under climate change is a complex issue requiring a multifaceted approach. It stresses the importance of integrating nature-based solutions, improving knowledge, and adopting new technologies to ensure sustainable water management. The review also highlights the need for political and institutional support to implement effective water management strategies. The study underscores the importance of considering ecosystems and their services in water management to achieve long-term sustainability and resilience.