Anthropogenic wetlands in the Silesian Upland and Kraków-Częstochowa Upland have been studied to assess their role as biodiversity hotspots. These wetlands, formed by mineral excavation activities, support diverse plant communities, including rare and protected species. The study analyzed water quality and vegetation in these habitats, revealing that high moisture levels and elevated calcium and magnesium ions create conditions favorable for calciphilous plant species. These wetlands serve as refuges for rare plant species, particularly those found in low-carbonate bogs. The research highlights the importance of maintaining these habitats for biodiversity conservation, as natural wetlands are declining. Anthropogenic wetlands, despite being man-made, exhibit unique ecological characteristics and can support diverse plant communities. The study emphasizes the need to integrate these wetlands into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation. The findings suggest that human-induced changes can create habitats that support rare plant species, making these wetlands crucial for nature conservation. The study also underscores the importance of understanding and protecting these wetlands due to their ecological significance and the threats they face from human activities.Anthropogenic wetlands in the Silesian Upland and Kraków-Częstochowa Upland have been studied to assess their role as biodiversity hotspots. These wetlands, formed by mineral excavation activities, support diverse plant communities, including rare and protected species. The study analyzed water quality and vegetation in these habitats, revealing that high moisture levels and elevated calcium and magnesium ions create conditions favorable for calciphilous plant species. These wetlands serve as refuges for rare plant species, particularly those found in low-carbonate bogs. The research highlights the importance of maintaining these habitats for biodiversity conservation, as natural wetlands are declining. Anthropogenic wetlands, despite being man-made, exhibit unique ecological characteristics and can support diverse plant communities. The study emphasizes the need to integrate these wetlands into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation. The findings suggest that human-induced changes can create habitats that support rare plant species, making these wetlands crucial for nature conservation. The study also underscores the importance of understanding and protecting these wetlands due to their ecological significance and the threats they face from human activities.