This study investigates the water quality and spontaneous wetland vegetation in anthropogenic habitats formed by mineral excavation activities in southern Poland. The research focuses on wetlands that have developed in post-excavation sites, particularly in the Silesian Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The study area includes nine wetlands of anthropogenic origin, characterized by high moisture levels and increased concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions. These conditions create favorable environments for the development of rare and calciphilous plant species, such as *Liparis loeselii*, *Tofieldia calyculata*, and *Carex dioica*. The results show that these anthropogenic wetlands serve as significant biodiversity hotspots, providing habitats for species typically found in peat bogs. The study highlights the importance of maintaining specific water conditions to protect these habitats and suggests integrating anthropogenic wetlands into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation. The findings also emphasize the role of novel ecosystems in urban-industrial landscapes, where human-induced changes can lead to the establishment of unique habitats that support rare plant species.This study investigates the water quality and spontaneous wetland vegetation in anthropogenic habitats formed by mineral excavation activities in southern Poland. The research focuses on wetlands that have developed in post-excavation sites, particularly in the Silesian Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The study area includes nine wetlands of anthropogenic origin, characterized by high moisture levels and increased concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions. These conditions create favorable environments for the development of rare and calciphilous plant species, such as *Liparis loeselii*, *Tofieldia calyculata*, and *Carex dioica*. The results show that these anthropogenic wetlands serve as significant biodiversity hotspots, providing habitats for species typically found in peat bogs. The study highlights the importance of maintaining specific water conditions to protect these habitats and suggests integrating anthropogenic wetlands into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation. The findings also emphasize the role of novel ecosystems in urban-industrial landscapes, where human-induced changes can lead to the establishment of unique habitats that support rare plant species.