Rodrik (2006) argues that China's export success is not solely due to comparative advantage or free markets, but also because government policies have helped develop advanced industries like consumer electronics, which would not have emerged without such support. China's export basket is more sophisticated than expected for its income level, contributing significantly to its growth. The key to future growth is not export volume, but the ability to continue exporting high-productivity goods. China's policies have played a crucial role in shaping its industrial structure, similar to other East Asian countries. The paper highlights the importance of government intervention in fostering domestic capabilities and promoting industrial development. It also notes that while China's export sophistication has increased, the gap between its export productivity and per capita income remains significant. The paper concludes that China's future growth depends on its ability to continue developing high-productivity exports and maintaining an experimental, flexible industrial policy approach.Rodrik (2006) argues that China's export success is not solely due to comparative advantage or free markets, but also because government policies have helped develop advanced industries like consumer electronics, which would not have emerged without such support. China's export basket is more sophisticated than expected for its income level, contributing significantly to its growth. The key to future growth is not export volume, but the ability to continue exporting high-productivity goods. China's policies have played a crucial role in shaping its industrial structure, similar to other East Asian countries. The paper highlights the importance of government intervention in fostering domestic capabilities and promoting industrial development. It also notes that while China's export sophistication has increased, the gap between its export productivity and per capita income remains significant. The paper concludes that China's future growth depends on its ability to continue developing high-productivity exports and maintaining an experimental, flexible industrial policy approach.