Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. It begins when cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably. The cervix has two parts: the endocervix (covered with glandular cells) and the exocervix (covered with squamous cells). The transformation zone, where these two cell types meet, is where most cervical cancers begin. Abnormal changes in cervical cells, known as pre-cancers, can develop gradually and may be detected through screening tests like the Pap test and HPV test. These tests help identify abnormal cells early, allowing for treatment before cancer develops. Cervical cancer screening aims to detect these changes early, improving treatment outcomes and preventing cancer. The main types of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma develops from squamous cells in the exocervix, while adenocarcinoma develops from glandular cells in the endocervix. Other less common types include adenosquamous carcinomas. Key statistics show that cervical cancer is most common in women aged 35-44, with an average age of 50. In 2024, about 13,820 new invasive cervical cancer cases are expected, with 4,360 deaths. Incidence rates have decreased significantly due to screening and vaccination, but rates in women aged 30-44 have increased slightly. Mortality rates have dropped by more than half since the mid-1970s due to prevention and screening. Research is ongoing to develop new treatments, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and HPV vaccines. HPV vaccines are effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV types that cause cervical cancer. New research aims to improve treatment options and reduce cancer recurrence.Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. It begins when cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably. The cervix has two parts: the endocervix (covered with glandular cells) and the exocervix (covered with squamous cells). The transformation zone, where these two cell types meet, is where most cervical cancers begin. Abnormal changes in cervical cells, known as pre-cancers, can develop gradually and may be detected through screening tests like the Pap test and HPV test. These tests help identify abnormal cells early, allowing for treatment before cancer develops. Cervical cancer screening aims to detect these changes early, improving treatment outcomes and preventing cancer. The main types of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma develops from squamous cells in the exocervix, while adenocarcinoma develops from glandular cells in the endocervix. Other less common types include adenosquamous carcinomas. Key statistics show that cervical cancer is most common in women aged 35-44, with an average age of 50. In 2024, about 13,820 new invasive cervical cancer cases are expected, with 4,360 deaths. Incidence rates have decreased significantly due to screening and vaccination, but rates in women aged 30-44 have increased slightly. Mortality rates have dropped by more than half since the mid-1970s due to prevention and screening. Research is ongoing to develop new treatments, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and HPV vaccines. HPV vaccines are effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV types that cause cervical cancer. New research aims to improve treatment options and reduce cancer recurrence.