This article introduces the framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which integrates pedagogical content knowledge (PCk) with technology knowledge to enhance effective teaching with technology. The authors, Matthew J. Koehler, Punya Mishra, and William Cain, build on Lee Shulman's construct of PCk to include technology knowledge, emphasizing the critical role of TPACK in teacher development for effective technology integration. The article begins by discussing the complex and poorly structured nature of teaching and the nature of both analog and digital technologies, highlighting how technology complicates teaching. It then details the TPACK framework, which is an interaction among three bodies of knowledge: content, pedagogy, and technology. This interaction, both theoretically and in practice, produces the flexible knowledge needed to successfully integrate technology into teaching. The article also explores the challenges of teaching with technology, the development of TPACK, and its implications for teacher education and technology integration.This article introduces the framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which integrates pedagogical content knowledge (PCk) with technology knowledge to enhance effective teaching with technology. The authors, Matthew J. Koehler, Punya Mishra, and William Cain, build on Lee Shulman's construct of PCk to include technology knowledge, emphasizing the critical role of TPACK in teacher development for effective technology integration. The article begins by discussing the complex and poorly structured nature of teaching and the nature of both analog and digital technologies, highlighting how technology complicates teaching. It then details the TPACK framework, which is an interaction among three bodies of knowledge: content, pedagogy, and technology. This interaction, both theoretically and in practice, produces the flexible knowledge needed to successfully integrate technology into teaching. The article also explores the challenges of teaching with technology, the development of TPACK, and its implications for teacher education and technology integration.