The article explores the intricate relationship between DNA damage responses (DDR) and immune responses, highlighting how DDR components are closely linked to the immune system. DDR networks, including Base-Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), Mismatch Repair (MMR), Homologous Recombination (HR), Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ), and Interstrand Crosslink (ICL) repair, are crucial for maintaining genomic stability by repairing various types of DNA damage. These repair pathways can be activated separately or in combination, depending on the type of DNA damage. The immune system, both innate and adaptive, plays a vital role in defending against endogenous mutations and external pathogens. The cGAS–Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a key immune effector that acts as a sensor of DNA damage, initiating inflammatory responses and immune activation. DDR components themselves can also function in immune responses, triggering the production of inflammatory cytokines and even programmed cell death. Defective DDR components can disrupt genomic stability and compromise immunological responses, leading to serious diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. The study examines recent developments in the interaction between DDR elements and immunological responses, suggesting that the dual roles of DDR network's immune modulators may offer new perspectives on treating infectious disorders linked to DNA damage, including cancer, and on the development of targeted immunotherapy. Keywords: Adaptive immunity, cGAS–STING, DNA-damage response (DDR), IFN, Innate immunityThe article explores the intricate relationship between DNA damage responses (DDR) and immune responses, highlighting how DDR components are closely linked to the immune system. DDR networks, including Base-Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), Mismatch Repair (MMR), Homologous Recombination (HR), Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ), and Interstrand Crosslink (ICL) repair, are crucial for maintaining genomic stability by repairing various types of DNA damage. These repair pathways can be activated separately or in combination, depending on the type of DNA damage. The immune system, both innate and adaptive, plays a vital role in defending against endogenous mutations and external pathogens. The cGAS–Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a key immune effector that acts as a sensor of DNA damage, initiating inflammatory responses and immune activation. DDR components themselves can also function in immune responses, triggering the production of inflammatory cytokines and even programmed cell death. Defective DDR components can disrupt genomic stability and compromise immunological responses, leading to serious diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. The study examines recent developments in the interaction between DDR elements and immunological responses, suggesting that the dual roles of DDR network's immune modulators may offer new perspectives on treating infectious disorders linked to DNA damage, including cancer, and on the development of targeted immunotherapy. Keywords: Adaptive immunity, cGAS–STING, DNA-damage response (DDR), IFN, Innate immunity