June 03–06, 2024 | Takuya Maeda, Anabel Quan-Haase
This paper explores the concept of parasocial relationships in human-AI interactions, particularly focusing on chatbots. It examines how the use of natural language and human-like conversation styles in chatbots can lead to unintended consequences, such as making fallible information seem trustworthy by emphasizing friendliness and closeness. The authors provide a conceptual framework that describes interactions between humans and anthropomorphized chatbots, highlighting how chatbots use personal pronouns, conversational conventions, and affirmations to position themselves as companions or assistants, which can induce trust-forming behaviors in users. The paper also discusses ethical concerns, including illusions of reciprocal engagement, task misalignment, and the potential misuse of sensitive information. The authors argue that these issues arise from a positive feedback cycle where anthropomorphized chatbot features encourage users to fill in the context around predictive outcomes, leading to parasocial dynamics. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions to further explore the implications of parasocial relationships in human-AI interactions.This paper explores the concept of parasocial relationships in human-AI interactions, particularly focusing on chatbots. It examines how the use of natural language and human-like conversation styles in chatbots can lead to unintended consequences, such as making fallible information seem trustworthy by emphasizing friendliness and closeness. The authors provide a conceptual framework that describes interactions between humans and anthropomorphized chatbots, highlighting how chatbots use personal pronouns, conversational conventions, and affirmations to position themselves as companions or assistants, which can induce trust-forming behaviors in users. The paper also discusses ethical concerns, including illusions of reciprocal engagement, task misalignment, and the potential misuse of sensitive information. The authors argue that these issues arise from a positive feedback cycle where anthropomorphized chatbot features encourage users to fill in the context around predictive outcomes, leading to parasocial dynamics. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions to further explore the implications of parasocial relationships in human-AI interactions.