The text discusses the shift from algorithm-based computing to interaction-based computing, arguing that interaction is a more powerful paradigm for problem-solving than algorithms. It highlights the limitations of algorithms, which are likened to "sales contracts," while interactive systems, like objects, are "marriage contracts" that adapt over time. Interaction allows systems to handle dynamic, real-world scenarios that algorithms cannot, such as driving or booking a flight. Interaction machines, which model real-world interactions, are more expressive than Turing machines and can handle dynamic inputs, making them more powerful for complex tasks. The text also contrasts rationalism (algorithmic thinking) with empiricism (interactive models), arguing that interaction provides a more accurate representation of the real world. It discusses the limitations of formal models like Turing machines and the importance of interaction in modeling real-world systems. The text also touches on the philosophical implications of this shift, comparing it to the rationalist-empiricist debate in philosophy. The conclusion emphasizes that interaction-based computing is a more expressive and realistic model of the world, offering a unifying framework for software engineering, AI, and computer architecture.The text discusses the shift from algorithm-based computing to interaction-based computing, arguing that interaction is a more powerful paradigm for problem-solving than algorithms. It highlights the limitations of algorithms, which are likened to "sales contracts," while interactive systems, like objects, are "marriage contracts" that adapt over time. Interaction allows systems to handle dynamic, real-world scenarios that algorithms cannot, such as driving or booking a flight. Interaction machines, which model real-world interactions, are more expressive than Turing machines and can handle dynamic inputs, making them more powerful for complex tasks. The text also contrasts rationalism (algorithmic thinking) with empiricism (interactive models), arguing that interaction provides a more accurate representation of the real world. It discusses the limitations of formal models like Turing machines and the importance of interaction in modeling real-world systems. The text also touches on the philosophical implications of this shift, comparing it to the rationalist-empiricist debate in philosophy. The conclusion emphasizes that interaction-based computing is a more expressive and realistic model of the world, offering a unifying framework for software engineering, AI, and computer architecture.