The chapter discusses the development and application of Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS), which are designed to provide distributed network and Internet access to sensors, controls, and processors embedded in various environments. WINS combine microsensor technology, low-power signal processing, computation, and low-cost wireless networking in a compact system. Recent advances in integrated circuit technology have enabled the construction of more capable and inexpensive sensors, radios, and processors, allowing for mass production of sophisticated systems that link the physical world to digital data networks. The chapter highlights the importance of scalable, low-cost, sensor-network architecture for applications in transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and security. It emphasizes the need for continuous sensor signal processing and the challenges posed by energy and bandwidth constraints. The physical principles underlying the design of dense sensor networks are discussed, including the decay of signals with distance, the impact of obstructions, and the limitations of detection and estimation theory. The chapter also explores the constraints on communication networks, such as multipath propagation and power consumption, and the importance of diversity techniques to mitigate these issues. It outlines the design principles for energy-efficient processing and networking, including the use of low-power ASICs and multiprocessor systems. The WINS network architecture is described, focusing on multihop communication and the integration of Internet protocols. The development of WINS node architectures, from the initial LWIM project to the next-generation (NG) node architecture, is detailed, emphasizing continuous sensing, event detection, and low-power operation. Finally, the chapter concludes by highlighting the potential of densely distributed sensor networks and the advancements in networking and signal-processing architectures, which are crucial for pervasive computing.The chapter discusses the development and application of Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS), which are designed to provide distributed network and Internet access to sensors, controls, and processors embedded in various environments. WINS combine microsensor technology, low-power signal processing, computation, and low-cost wireless networking in a compact system. Recent advances in integrated circuit technology have enabled the construction of more capable and inexpensive sensors, radios, and processors, allowing for mass production of sophisticated systems that link the physical world to digital data networks. The chapter highlights the importance of scalable, low-cost, sensor-network architecture for applications in transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and security. It emphasizes the need for continuous sensor signal processing and the challenges posed by energy and bandwidth constraints. The physical principles underlying the design of dense sensor networks are discussed, including the decay of signals with distance, the impact of obstructions, and the limitations of detection and estimation theory. The chapter also explores the constraints on communication networks, such as multipath propagation and power consumption, and the importance of diversity techniques to mitigate these issues. It outlines the design principles for energy-efficient processing and networking, including the use of low-power ASICs and multiprocessor systems. The WINS network architecture is described, focusing on multihop communication and the integration of Internet protocols. The development of WINS node architectures, from the initial LWIM project to the next-generation (NG) node architecture, is detailed, emphasizing continuous sensing, event detection, and low-power operation. Finally, the chapter concludes by highlighting the potential of densely distributed sensor networks and the advancements in networking and signal-processing architectures, which are crucial for pervasive computing.