The highly conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in animal development and adult tissue maintenance. Recent advancements in biochemical and genetic studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of how Wnt signals function. The pathway involves multiple extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear components, including receptor-ligand specificity and feedback loops, which determine the signaling outputs. Wnt signals are essential for maintaining adult tissue homeostasis and are implicated in various human diseases, including cancer and degenerative conditions. The pathway is initiated by the binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled (Fz) receptors, which then activate a series of downstream events involving LRP5/6, Axin, and β-catenin. β-catenin accumulation leads to nuclear translocation and activation of target genes through interactions with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Mutations in Wnt signaling components, such as β-catenin, APC, and Axin, are associated with diseases like cancer and developmental disorders. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of Wnt signaling is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to address these diseases.The highly conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in animal development and adult tissue maintenance. Recent advancements in biochemical and genetic studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of how Wnt signals function. The pathway involves multiple extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear components, including receptor-ligand specificity and feedback loops, which determine the signaling outputs. Wnt signals are essential for maintaining adult tissue homeostasis and are implicated in various human diseases, including cancer and degenerative conditions. The pathway is initiated by the binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled (Fz) receptors, which then activate a series of downstream events involving LRP5/6, Axin, and β-catenin. β-catenin accumulation leads to nuclear translocation and activation of target genes through interactions with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Mutations in Wnt signaling components, such as β-catenin, APC, and Axin, are associated with diseases like cancer and developmental disorders. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of Wnt signaling is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to address these diseases.