The World Health Organization (WHO) released updated guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 2020, replacing the 2010 recommendations. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for different population groups, including children, adolescents, adults, older adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions or disability. The guidelines emphasize that some physical activity is better than none, and more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes. They recommend that all adults engage in at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination. For children and adolescents, an average of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per day is recommended. The guidelines also recommend regular muscle-strengthening activities for all age groups and reducing sedentary behaviours, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. The guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities and provide specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. They also address the health impact of sedentary behaviour for the first time. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets. The guidelines also emphasize the need for further research on the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes, particularly in people living with disability, and further evidence from low-income and middle-income, disadvantaged or underserved communities. The guidelines aim to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours across all population groups and to align national health behaviour surveillance systems with global targets.The World Health Organization (WHO) released updated guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 2020, replacing the 2010 recommendations. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for different population groups, including children, adolescents, adults, older adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions or disability. The guidelines emphasize that some physical activity is better than none, and more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes. They recommend that all adults engage in at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination. For children and adolescents, an average of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per day is recommended. The guidelines also recommend regular muscle-strengthening activities for all age groups and reducing sedentary behaviours, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. The guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities and provide specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. They also address the health impact of sedentary behaviour for the first time. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets. The guidelines also emphasize the need for further research on the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes, particularly in people living with disability, and further evidence from low-income and middle-income, disadvantaged or underserved communities. The guidelines aim to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours across all population groups and to align national health behaviour surveillance systems with global targets.