Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition

Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition

26 SEPTEMBER 1988 | Michael S. Morris, Kip S. Thorne, and Ulvi Yurtsever
The paper by Michael S. Morris, Kip S. Thorne, and Ulvi Yurtsever explores the possibility of using wormholes for interstellar travel and their potential conversion into time machines. It argues that if an advanced civilization can create and maintain a traversable wormhole, it could be used to violate causality. The creation and maintenance of such wormholes involve complex issues related to cosmic censorship, quantum gravity, and quantum field theory, particularly the weak energy condition. Wormholes are described as tunnels in space that connect distant regions. The Schwarzschild metric can describe such a wormhole, but it is not traversable due to its horizon and rapid pinching. To make it traversable, the throat must be supported by nonzero stress and energy. Quantum field theory is questioned regarding whether it allows the necessary stress-energy tensor for maintaining a traversable wormhole. Additionally, the paper discusses the conversion of a wormhole into a time machine by accelerating one of its mouths, which can lead to closed timelike curves and potential causality violations. The paper also examines the implications of the averaged weak energy condition (AWEC) for wormhole maintenance. It shows that the Casimir vacuum, a quantum state of the electromagnetic field, can potentially support a wormhole. However, this requires the plates to have a specific mass-to-charge ratio, which may be restricted by quantum field theory. The conversion of a wormhole into a time machine is illustrated through a spacetime diagram. By accelerating one mouth of the wormhole, the right mouth ages less than the left, allowing time travel backward. The paper also discusses the stability of the Cauchy horizon, suggesting that it might be stable and not subject to the same instabilities as in Misner space. This stability could imply that the wormhole's evolution through the horizon is unique, challenging the conjecture of strong cosmic censorship. The paper concludes that such a wormhole could serve as a test bed for understanding causality, free will, and quantum measurement. It raises questions about the possibility of an advanced being measuring Schrödinger's cat and altering its state through time travel. The study highlights the profound implications of wormholes and time machines on our understanding of physics and the universe.The paper by Michael S. Morris, Kip S. Thorne, and Ulvi Yurtsever explores the possibility of using wormholes for interstellar travel and their potential conversion into time machines. It argues that if an advanced civilization can create and maintain a traversable wormhole, it could be used to violate causality. The creation and maintenance of such wormholes involve complex issues related to cosmic censorship, quantum gravity, and quantum field theory, particularly the weak energy condition. Wormholes are described as tunnels in space that connect distant regions. The Schwarzschild metric can describe such a wormhole, but it is not traversable due to its horizon and rapid pinching. To make it traversable, the throat must be supported by nonzero stress and energy. Quantum field theory is questioned regarding whether it allows the necessary stress-energy tensor for maintaining a traversable wormhole. Additionally, the paper discusses the conversion of a wormhole into a time machine by accelerating one of its mouths, which can lead to closed timelike curves and potential causality violations. The paper also examines the implications of the averaged weak energy condition (AWEC) for wormhole maintenance. It shows that the Casimir vacuum, a quantum state of the electromagnetic field, can potentially support a wormhole. However, this requires the plates to have a specific mass-to-charge ratio, which may be restricted by quantum field theory. The conversion of a wormhole into a time machine is illustrated through a spacetime diagram. By accelerating one mouth of the wormhole, the right mouth ages less than the left, allowing time travel backward. The paper also discusses the stability of the Cauchy horizon, suggesting that it might be stable and not subject to the same instabilities as in Misner space. This stability could imply that the wormhole's evolution through the horizon is unique, challenging the conjecture of strong cosmic censorship. The paper concludes that such a wormhole could serve as a test bed for understanding causality, free will, and quantum measurement. It raises questions about the possibility of an advanced being measuring Schrödinger's cat and altering its state through time travel. The study highlights the profound implications of wormholes and time machines on our understanding of physics and the universe.
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