The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a popular model organism in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology, with both larval and adult stages being used to enhance our understanding of brain function, dysfunction, and their genetic and pharmacological modulation. This review highlights the growing utility of zebrafish in studying complex brain disorders, including depression, autism, psychoses, drug abuse, and cognitive disorders. Zebrafish models have become a critical field in translational neuropharmacology research, offering advantages such as high physiological and genetic homology to humans, ease of genetic manipulation, and similar CNS morphology. The zebrafish genome is well-characterized, and its sequencing has further increased interest in this species as a model organism. Zebrafish are sensitive to various neurotropic drugs and exhibit behavioral responses similar to those observed in humans, making them valuable for pharmacological research. They are also useful for studying drug-induced disorders, such as addiction, and for modeling neuropsychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety. Additionally, zebrafish models are valuable for studying neurotoxic conditions, such as serotonin syndrome, and for exploring the pathogenic overlap between behavioral and metabolic disorders. Despite some limitations, such as the paucity of well-characterized inbred strains, zebrafish models are expected to advance neuroscience and neurogenetics, providing a powerful tool for disease modeling, high-throughput screening, and translational research.The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a popular model organism in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology, with both larval and adult stages being used to enhance our understanding of brain function, dysfunction, and their genetic and pharmacological modulation. This review highlights the growing utility of zebrafish in studying complex brain disorders, including depression, autism, psychoses, drug abuse, and cognitive disorders. Zebrafish models have become a critical field in translational neuropharmacology research, offering advantages such as high physiological and genetic homology to humans, ease of genetic manipulation, and similar CNS morphology. The zebrafish genome is well-characterized, and its sequencing has further increased interest in this species as a model organism. Zebrafish are sensitive to various neurotropic drugs and exhibit behavioral responses similar to those observed in humans, making them valuable for pharmacological research. They are also useful for studying drug-induced disorders, such as addiction, and for modeling neuropsychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety. Additionally, zebrafish models are valuable for studying neurotoxic conditions, such as serotonin syndrome, and for exploring the pathogenic overlap between behavioral and metabolic disorders. Despite some limitations, such as the paucity of well-characterized inbred strains, zebrafish models are expected to advance neuroscience and neurogenetics, providing a powerful tool for disease modeling, high-throughput screening, and translational research.