Zebrafish have become a popular model organism in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology for studying complex brain disorders. Both larval and adult zebrafish are used to understand brain function, dysfunction, and their genetic and pharmacological modulation. This review highlights the growing utility of zebrafish in analyzing complex brain disorders, including depression, autism, psychoses, drug abuse, and cognitive disorders. Zebrafish models are increasingly used to model major human neuropsychiatric and drug-induced syndromes. The zebrafish genome is well characterized, with high genetic homology to humans, and they have a rapid development rate and long lifespan, making them suitable for studying human brain disorders. Zebrafish are sensitive to various neurotropic drugs and have been used to model drug-induced conditions. They are also useful for high-throughput screening due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of breeding. Zebrafish models have been used to study depression, autism, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders. They are also valuable for studying drug-related disorders, including addiction and fetal alcohol syndrome. Zebrafish have a highly social nature and are used to model social behaviors, which are relevant to disorders like autism and schizophrenia. The zebrafish also exhibits behaviors that can be used to study anxiety, fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Zebrafish models are increasingly used in translational research due to their genetic similarity to humans and their ability to model complex brain disorders. They are also useful for studying the effects of drugs on the brain and for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Despite their advantages, zebrafish have limitations, including a limited number of well-characterized inbred strains. Overall, zebrafish are an emerging model organism for studying complex brain disorders and drug-induced conditions, offering a cost-effective and powerful tool for translational neuroscience and drug discovery.Zebrafish have become a popular model organism in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology for studying complex brain disorders. Both larval and adult zebrafish are used to understand brain function, dysfunction, and their genetic and pharmacological modulation. This review highlights the growing utility of zebrafish in analyzing complex brain disorders, including depression, autism, psychoses, drug abuse, and cognitive disorders. Zebrafish models are increasingly used to model major human neuropsychiatric and drug-induced syndromes. The zebrafish genome is well characterized, with high genetic homology to humans, and they have a rapid development rate and long lifespan, making them suitable for studying human brain disorders. Zebrafish are sensitive to various neurotropic drugs and have been used to model drug-induced conditions. They are also useful for high-throughput screening due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of breeding. Zebrafish models have been used to study depression, autism, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders. They are also valuable for studying drug-related disorders, including addiction and fetal alcohol syndrome. Zebrafish have a highly social nature and are used to model social behaviors, which are relevant to disorders like autism and schizophrenia. The zebrafish also exhibits behaviors that can be used to study anxiety, fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Zebrafish models are increasingly used in translational research due to their genetic similarity to humans and their ability to model complex brain disorders. They are also useful for studying the effects of drugs on the brain and for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Despite their advantages, zebrafish have limitations, including a limited number of well-characterized inbred strains. Overall, zebrafish are an emerging model organism for studying complex brain disorders and drug-induced conditions, offering a cost-effective and powerful tool for translational neuroscience and drug discovery.