The chapter discusses the scattering of X-rays by electrons, a phenomenon that challenges the traditional understanding of atomic structure. It highlights the need to recognize electron movements that do not radiate energy despite high velocities. For example, in a hydrogen molecule, two electrons orbit the nucleus at a distance of \(1.05 \times 10^{-8}\) cm with a frequency of \(4.21 \times 10^{16} \, \text{Hz}\). The calculated energy loss per second is \(4.9 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{erg}\), far exceeding the kinetic energy of the electrons, suggesting that the molecule should be destroyed by its own radiation in about \(10^{-8} \, \text{s}\). This矛盾性 leads to the conclusion that the electron movements must be considered as non-radiating. The chapter also explores the scattering of X-rays by a model where electrons are arranged in rings, which can explain the observed scattering patterns without violating established principles of mechanics and electrodynamics. It discusses the calculation of the scattered energy and its spatial distribution for a random arrangement of atoms with electron rings. The intensity of the scattered radiation is shown to be proportional to the square of the number of electrons for longer wavelengths and to the first power for shorter wavelengths, with significant interference effects observed for shorter wavelengths. The author emphasizes the importance of experimental investigation of the scattered radiation, particularly for lighter atoms, as it could provide insights into the specific arrangement of electrons within atoms, akin to ultramicroscopy of the atomic interior. The chapter concludes with a detailed mathematical derivation of the intensity distribution of the scattered radiation and its implications for understanding the structure of atoms.The chapter discusses the scattering of X-rays by electrons, a phenomenon that challenges the traditional understanding of atomic structure. It highlights the need to recognize electron movements that do not radiate energy despite high velocities. For example, in a hydrogen molecule, two electrons orbit the nucleus at a distance of \(1.05 \times 10^{-8}\) cm with a frequency of \(4.21 \times 10^{16} \, \text{Hz}\). The calculated energy loss per second is \(4.9 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{erg}\), far exceeding the kinetic energy of the electrons, suggesting that the molecule should be destroyed by its own radiation in about \(10^{-8} \, \text{s}\). This矛盾性 leads to the conclusion that the electron movements must be considered as non-radiating. The chapter also explores the scattering of X-rays by a model where electrons are arranged in rings, which can explain the observed scattering patterns without violating established principles of mechanics and electrodynamics. It discusses the calculation of the scattered energy and its spatial distribution for a random arrangement of atoms with electron rings. The intensity of the scattered radiation is shown to be proportional to the square of the number of electrons for longer wavelengths and to the first power for shorter wavelengths, with significant interference effects observed for shorter wavelengths. The author emphasizes the importance of experimental investigation of the scattered radiation, particularly for lighter atoms, as it could provide insights into the specific arrangement of electrons within atoms, akin to ultramicroscopy of the atomic interior. The chapter concludes with a detailed mathematical derivation of the intensity distribution of the scattered radiation and its implications for understanding the structure of atoms.