A systematic review of scientific evidence shows that agricultural intensification and environmental changes significantly increase the risk of zoonotic disease emergence, driven by human population growth, habitat encroachment, and altered human behavior. The study highlights that zoonotic diseases often emerge from interactions between wildlife, livestock, and humans, with factors such as habitat fragmentation, reduced biodiversity, and changes in land use promoting pathogen spillover. Examples include Nipah virus, which emerged from intensified pig farming and bat habitats, and Japanese encephalitis, linked to rice farming and pig farming. The review also notes that environmental changes, such as deforestation and irrigation, can increase vector-borne disease transmission. Intensive livestock farming increases disease transmission through environmental pathways, while also promoting antimicrobial resistance. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable agricultural practices that minimize disease risk while meeting food demands. However, current research lacks a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of environmental, biological, economic, and social factors influencing zoonotic disease emergence. The review concludes that future zoonotic disease emergence will be closely linked to the evolution of the agriculture-environment nexus, and that interdisciplinary research is essential to develop effective strategies for disease prevention and response.A systematic review of scientific evidence shows that agricultural intensification and environmental changes significantly increase the risk of zoonotic disease emergence, driven by human population growth, habitat encroachment, and altered human behavior. The study highlights that zoonotic diseases often emerge from interactions between wildlife, livestock, and humans, with factors such as habitat fragmentation, reduced biodiversity, and changes in land use promoting pathogen spillover. Examples include Nipah virus, which emerged from intensified pig farming and bat habitats, and Japanese encephalitis, linked to rice farming and pig farming. The review also notes that environmental changes, such as deforestation and irrigation, can increase vector-borne disease transmission. Intensive livestock farming increases disease transmission through environmental pathways, while also promoting antimicrobial resistance. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable agricultural practices that minimize disease risk while meeting food demands. However, current research lacks a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of environmental, biological, economic, and social factors influencing zoonotic disease emergence. The review concludes that future zoonotic disease emergence will be closely linked to the evolution of the agriculture-environment nexus, and that interdisciplinary research is essential to develop effective strategies for disease prevention and response.