Fastp is an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor that performs quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, and other operations in a single scan of FASTQ data. Developed in C++, fastp supports multi-threading and is significantly faster than other tools like Trimmomatic or Cutadapt, despite performing more operations. It provides comprehensive quality control reports and supports features such as UMI preprocessing, polyG/polyX tail trimming, and output splitting. Fastp can automatically detect adapter sequences for single-end and paired-end Illumina data and offers a novel algorithm for base correction. It also supports both single-end and paired-end data processing, with a main workflow for paired-end data preprocessing. Fastp's design allows for efficient parallel processing and provides detailed statistical reports for pre- and post-filtered data. It is particularly effective in reducing false positives and improving the accuracy of downstream analysis. Fastp has been evaluated for speed and quality, showing superior performance compared to other tools. It is widely used in the bioinformatics community for its efficiency and comprehensive features.Fastp is an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor that performs quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, and other operations in a single scan of FASTQ data. Developed in C++, fastp supports multi-threading and is significantly faster than other tools like Trimmomatic or Cutadapt, despite performing more operations. It provides comprehensive quality control reports and supports features such as UMI preprocessing, polyG/polyX tail trimming, and output splitting. Fastp can automatically detect adapter sequences for single-end and paired-end Illumina data and offers a novel algorithm for base correction. It also supports both single-end and paired-end data processing, with a main workflow for paired-end data preprocessing. Fastp's design allows for efficient parallel processing and provides detailed statistical reports for pre- and post-filtered data. It is particularly effective in reducing false positives and improving the accuracy of downstream analysis. Fastp has been evaluated for speed and quality, showing superior performance compared to other tools. It is widely used in the bioinformatics community for its efficiency and comprehensive features.