The article reviews the advancements and challenges in mRNA delivery using polymeric soft nanoparticles. mRNA, a single-stranded ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in transferring genetic information and has been extensively studied for therapeutic applications. Lipid nanocarriers have been successful in delivering mRNA for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, but their limitations have led to the development of alternative systems, such as polymer-based soft nanoparticles. These macromolecule-based nanocarriers offer modular gene delivery platforms with tailored parameters for mRNA protection, loading efficacy, and targeted release. The review highlights recent advances in polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, including cationic, non-cationic, and stimuli-responsive polymers. Cationic polymers, such as polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly (β-amino esters) (PBAE), are widely used due to their ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged mRNA. However, their high positive charge can lead to immunogenicity and serum protein adsorption. Non-cationic polymers, like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyesters, are biodegradable and have lower cytotoxicity, making them suitable for mRNA delivery. Stimuli-responsive polymers, such as pH-responsive polymers, can control the release of mRNA at specific sites within the body. The article also discusses various methods for preparing mRNA-loaded polymeric nanoformulations, including direct mixing, double emulsion/solvent evaporation, salting-out, nanoprecipitation, and flash nano-complexation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of encapsulation efficiency, stability, and cellular uptake. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of optimizing polymeric architectures and delivery methods to enhance the efficacy and safety of mRNA-based therapies. The future outlook includes the development of more advanced polymeric systems and the integration of functional groups to improve mRNA delivery and therapeutic outcomes.The article reviews the advancements and challenges in mRNA delivery using polymeric soft nanoparticles. mRNA, a single-stranded ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in transferring genetic information and has been extensively studied for therapeutic applications. Lipid nanocarriers have been successful in delivering mRNA for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, but their limitations have led to the development of alternative systems, such as polymer-based soft nanoparticles. These macromolecule-based nanocarriers offer modular gene delivery platforms with tailored parameters for mRNA protection, loading efficacy, and targeted release. The review highlights recent advances in polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, including cationic, non-cationic, and stimuli-responsive polymers. Cationic polymers, such as polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly (β-amino esters) (PBAE), are widely used due to their ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged mRNA. However, their high positive charge can lead to immunogenicity and serum protein adsorption. Non-cationic polymers, like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyesters, are biodegradable and have lower cytotoxicity, making them suitable for mRNA delivery. Stimuli-responsive polymers, such as pH-responsive polymers, can control the release of mRNA at specific sites within the body. The article also discusses various methods for preparing mRNA-loaded polymeric nanoformulations, including direct mixing, double emulsion/solvent evaporation, salting-out, nanoprecipitation, and flash nano-complexation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of encapsulation efficiency, stability, and cellular uptake. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of optimizing polymeric architectures and delivery methods to enhance the efficacy and safety of mRNA-based therapies. The future outlook includes the development of more advanced polymeric systems and the integration of functional groups to improve mRNA delivery and therapeutic outcomes.