mRNA delivery faces challenges such as poor cellular uptake, fragility, and rapid degradation. Polymeric soft nanoparticles offer a modular platform for efficient mRNA delivery. This review highlights recent advances in polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, their limitations, and challenges. Key challenges include mRNA's negative charge, fragility, and endosomal degradation. Stability can be improved through chemical modifications like 5' cap, poly A tail, and nucleoside modifications. Lipid nanoparticles, though effective, have low stability and limited structural diversity. Polymeric systems offer versatility in structure, composition, and functionalization. Cationic polymers like PEI, PBAE, and PACE enhance mRNA loading and transfection efficiency. Non-cationic polymers such as PEG and polyester improve biocompatibility and stability. Stimuli-responsive polymers enable controlled release. Various methods, including direct mixing, double emulsion, salting-out, and nanoprecipitation, are used for nanoparticle preparation. Optimization of parameters like N:P ratio, PEGylation, and polymer structure is crucial for efficient mRNA delivery. Future research aims to improve transfection efficiency, reduce toxicity, and enhance clinical translation.mRNA delivery faces challenges such as poor cellular uptake, fragility, and rapid degradation. Polymeric soft nanoparticles offer a modular platform for efficient mRNA delivery. This review highlights recent advances in polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, their limitations, and challenges. Key challenges include mRNA's negative charge, fragility, and endosomal degradation. Stability can be improved through chemical modifications like 5' cap, poly A tail, and nucleoside modifications. Lipid nanoparticles, though effective, have low stability and limited structural diversity. Polymeric systems offer versatility in structure, composition, and functionalization. Cationic polymers like PEI, PBAE, and PACE enhance mRNA loading and transfection efficiency. Non-cationic polymers such as PEG and polyester improve biocompatibility and stability. Stimuli-responsive polymers enable controlled release. Various methods, including direct mixing, double emulsion, salting-out, and nanoprecipitation, are used for nanoparticle preparation. Optimization of parameters like N:P ratio, PEGylation, and polymer structure is crucial for efficient mRNA delivery. Future research aims to improve transfection efficiency, reduce toxicity, and enhance clinical translation.